List Of Shinto Shrines In Japan
   HOME

TheInfoList



Click Here for Items Related To - List Of Shinto Shrines In Japan
OR:
List Of Shinto Shrines In Japan on:   [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Amazon]

This is a list of notable
Shinto shrine A is a structure whose main purpose is to house ("enshrine") one or more ''kami'', the deities of the Shinto religion. Overview Structurally, a Shinto shrine typically comprises several buildings. The '' honden''Also called (本殿, meani ...
s in
Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
. There are tens of thousands of shrines in
Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
. Shrines with structures that are
National Treasures of Japan Some of the National Treasures of Japan A is the most precious of Japan's Tangible Cultural Properties, as determined and designated by the Agency for Cultural Affairs (a special body of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Scien ...
are covered by the
List of National Treasures of Japan (shrines) The number of Shinto shrines in Japan today has been estimated at more than 150,000. Single structure shrines are the most common. Shrine buildings might also include oratories (in front of main sanctuary), purification halls, offering halls called ...
. For Shinto shrines in other countries, scroll down to the
See also See also may refer to: * Citation signal, reference formats which often appear in technical, scientific, and legal documents * cf., an abbreviation for confer, meaning "compare" or "consult" * viz. The abbreviation ''viz.'' (or ''viz'' withou ...
section. Shinto shrines from specific sects or new churches are not included in this list.


Hokkaidō and Tōhoku


Hokkaidō

*
Asahikawa Shrine Asahikawa Shrine (旭川神社, ''Asahikawa jinja'') is a Shinto shrine located in Asahikawa, Hokkaido. Established in 1893, it is dedicated to the kami are the deities, divinities, spirits, phenomena or "holy powers", that are venerated in ...
* Ebetsu Jinja * Hakodate Hachiman Shrine *
Hokkaidō Gokoku Shrine Hokkaidō Gokoku Shrine (北海道護国神社, ''Hokkaidō Gokoku jinja'') is a Shinto shrine located in Asahikawa, Hokkaido at 1 Chome-2282-2 Hanasakicho, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 070-0901. It was established in 1902, and enshrines Raijin (雷電大 ...
* Hokkaidō Jingu * Itsukushima Jinja * Kamikawa Shrine *
Nishino Shrine Nishino Shrine (西野神社, ''Nishino jinja'') is a Shinto shrine located in Sapporo, Hokkaido. It was established in 1885, and enshrines the kami Toyotama-hime (豊玉姫命), Ugayafukiaezu no mikoto (鵜草葺不合命), and Emperor Ōjin as ...
* Obihiro Shrine *
Otofuke Shrine is a town located in Tokachi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. As of September 2016, the town has an estimated population of 45,208 and a density of 97 persons per km2. The total area is 466.09 km2. Climate Notable persons from Otofuke ...
* Sapporo Hachimangū * Shiraoi Hachiman Shrine * Sumiyoshi Shrine *
Tarumaezan Shrine Tarumaezan Shrine (樽前山神社, ''Tarumaezan Jinja'') is a Shinto shrine in Tomakomai, Iburi Subprefecture, Hokkaidō, Japan. It is located on Mount Tarumae, and it was promoted to a prefectural shrine in 1936. It enshrines the Shinto kam ...


Aomori

* Kushihiki Hachimangū *
Iwakiyama Jinja is a Shintō shrine in the city of Hirosaki in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Tsugaru Domain. All of Mount Iwaki is considered to be a portion of the shrine. The main festival of the shrine, the ''Oyama-sankei'', ...
*
Saruka Jinja , sometimes rendered Saruga, is a Shinto shrine in Hirakawa, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. The shrine is said to have been founded in 807, when Sakanoue no Tamuramaro came north during the campaigns against the Ezo. The Honden, dating to 1826, is a ...
*
Uramachi Shinmeigū Uramachi Shinmeigū (浦町神明宮, ''Uramachi Shinmeigū'') is a Shinto shrine located in Aomori, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. It enshrines three major kami: Amaterasu (天照大神), Omiyanome no kami (大宮能賣神), and Sarutahiko Ōkami ( ...
* Utou Shrine * Yanemori Hachimangū


Iwate

* Komagata Shrine * Morioka Hachiman Shrine


Miyagi

* Aoso Shrine * Atago Shrine *
Furukawa Shrine Furukawa (古川 or 古河, both meaning "old river") may refer to: People *Furukawa (surname) Places * Furukawa, Gifu, a former town merged into the city of Hida, Gifu *Furukawa, Miyagi, city located in Miyagi, Japan *Furukawa Station, JR East r ...
*
Futahashira Shrine Futahashira Shrine (二柱神社, ''Futahashira jinja'') is a Shinto shrine located in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The main kami enshrined here are Izanagi and Izanami. See also *List of Shinto shrines in Japan This is a list of notable ...
* Ōsaki Hachiman-gū * Hayama Shrine * Kamo Shrine *
Kashima Miko Shrine Kashima (鹿島) may refer to: Places in Japan *Kashima District, Ibaraki, a district in Ibaraki Prefecture ** Kashima, Ibaraki, a city in Ibaraki Prefecture *** Kashima Soccer Stadium **** Kashima Soccer Stadium Station, railway station *** Kash ...
* Kifuso Shrine *
Kumano Shrine A is a type of Shinto shrine which enshrines the three Kumano mountains: Hongū, Shingū, and Nachi [].Encyclopedia of ShintoKumano Shinkō accessed on October 6, 2008 There are more than 3,000 Kumano shrines in Japan, and each has received its k ...
* Miyagiken Gokoku Shrine * [ yojin Shrine * Ohtakayama Shrine * Ohkuni Shrine *
Sendai Tōshō-gū is the capital Cities of Japan, city of Miyagi Prefecture, the largest city in the Tōhoku region. , the city had a population of 1,091,407 in 525,828 households, and is one of Japan's 20 Cities designated by government ordinance of Japan, desig ...
* Shiogama Shrine * Shirahige Shrine * Sumiyoshi Shrine * Tsubonuma Hachiman Shrine *
Usa Jingū The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territo ...
* Washikura Shrine * Yakurai Shrine


Akita

*
Koshiō Shrine Koshiō Shrine (古四王神社, ''Koshiō jinja'') is a Shinto shrine located in Akita (city), Akita, Akita Prefecture, Japan. It enshrines the kami of Ōhiko no mikoto (大彦命) and Takemikazuchi no mikoto (武甕槌命). Its annual festiva ...
* Sanko Kumano Shrine **
Sanko Shrine Sanko or Sankō may refer to *Sanko (surname) *Sankō, Ōita, a town in Japan *Sankō Shrine in Osaka, Japan *Sankō Line, a railway line in Japan *Sanko Grand Summer Championship, a defunct golf tournament held in Japan *Sanko Group, the parent co ...
**
Kumano Shrine A is a type of Shinto shrine which enshrines the three Kumano mountains: Hongū, Shingū, and Nachi [].Encyclopedia of ShintoKumano Shinkō accessed on October 6, 2008 There are more than 3,000 Kumano shrines in Japan, and each has received its k ...
* Tsuchizaki Shinmeisha


Yamagata

* Chokaisan Omonoimi Shrine * Dewa Sanzan (Three Mountains of Dewa) **
Gassan Shrine Gassan Shrine (月山神社, ''Gassan jinja'') is a Shinto shrine on Mount Gassan in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. It was formerly a national shrine of the first rank (国幣大社, ''kokuhei taisha'') in the Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines ...
**
Yudonosan Shrine is one of the Three Mountains of Dewa in the ancient province of Dewa (modern-day Yamagata Prefecture). The Yudonosan Shrine, the most holy of the Dewa Sanzan shrines, is located on the mountain. Pilgrims have to enter the shrine itself baref ...
** Hagurosan Shrine * Higashimachi Kodai Shrine *
Kumano Shrine A is a type of Shinto shrine which enshrines the three Kumano mountains: Hongū, Shingū, and Nachi [].Encyclopedia of ShintoKumano Shinkō accessed on October 6, 2008 There are more than 3,000 Kumano shrines in Japan, and each has received its k ...
* Torigoe Hachiman Shrine * [ sukioka Shrine * Uesugi Shrine


Fukushima

* Chinju Hachiman Shrine * Iino Hachimangū * Isasumi Shrine *
Kashima Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Kashima, Ibaraki in the northern Kantō region of Japan. It is dedicated to , one of the patron deities of martial arts. Various dōjō of ''kenjutsu'' and ''kendō'' often display a hanging scroll emblazoned with ...
* Kogaikuni Shrine * Okaburaya Shrine *
Ryōzen Shrine is a Shinto shrine located on Mount Ryōzen in the former town of Ryozen, within the city of Date, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Its main festivals are held annually on April 22 and October 10. The shrine was founded in 1881, and enshrines the ...
* Sumiyoshi Shrine * Tsutsukowake Shrine


Kantō


Tochigi

*
Futarasan Shrine is a Shinto shrine in the city of Nikkō, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. It is also known as Nikkō Futarasan Shrine, to distinguish it from the Utsunomiya Futarayama Jinja, which shares the same ''kanji'' in its name. both shrines also claim the ...
*
Nikkō Tōshō-gū is a Tōshō-gū Shinto shrine located in Nikkō, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. Together with Futarasan Shrine and Rinnō-ji, it forms the Shrines and Temples of Nikkō UNESCO World Heritage Site, with 42 structures of the shrine included in the n ...


Ibaraki

* Hitachinokuni Sōshagū *
Kasama Inari Shrine Kasama Inari Shrine ( ) is one of the three largest Inari Okami shrines in Japan, having been awarded the ancient court rank of Senior First Grade. According to legends associated with the shrine, it was founded in 651 during the reign of Emp ...
* Kashima Jingū * Oarai Isosaki Shrine * Sakatsura Isosaki Shrine * Tokiwa Shrine *
Tsukubasan Shrine Tsukubasan Shrine (筑波山神社, ''Tsukubasan jinja'') is a Shinto shrine located in Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. It enshrines the kami Izanagi (伊弉諾尊) and Izanami (伊弉冊尊). The shrine is located on Mount Tsukuba, close to ...


Gunma

*
Agatsuma Shrine Agatsuma may refer to: *, Japanese shamisen player *Agatsuma District, Gunma, a district in Gunma Prefecture, Japan *Agatsuma, Gunma, a town in Gunma Prefecture, Japan *Agatsuma River, a river in Japan *Agatsuma Entertainment, a Japanese toy/video ...
*
Haruna Shrine is a Shinto Shinto shrine, shrine located in Takasaki, Gunma, Takasaki, Gunma Prefecture, Japan. Mount Haruna, the mountain where the shrine is located, is one of the "Three Mountains of Jōmō" and the shrine has a close relationship with the s ...
* Nakanotake Shrine * Isemachi Jingu *
Nukisaki Shrine is a Shinto shrine in the Ichinomiya neighborhood of the city of Tomioka, Gunma, Tomioka in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Kōzuke Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on March 15. It is one of o ...


Saitama

*
Chichibu Shrine The is a Japanese Shinto shrine at Chichibu in Saitama Prefecture.Kotodamaya.com"Chichibu Jinja" retrieved 2013-1-26. History According to text in the ''Sendai Kuji Hongi'' (''Kujiki''), Chichibuhiko-no-mikoto, the tenth-generation descendant ...
* Washinomiya Shrine * Hikawa Shrine


Chiba

*
Awa Shrine is a Shinto shrine in the Daijingū neighborhood of the city of Tateyama in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It is one of two shrines claiming to hold the title of ''ichinomiya'' of former Awa Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually ...
* Chiba Shrine *
Funabashi Shrine is a city located in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 644,668 in 309,238 households and a population density of . The total area of the city is . It is the Greater Tokyo Area's 7th most populated city (after p ...
*
Katori Shrine The is a Shintō shrine in the city of Katori in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Shimōsa Province, and is the head shrine of the approximately 400 Katori shrines around the country (located primarily in the Kantō re ...
*
Komikado Shrine Komikado Shrine (小御門神社, ''Komikado jinja'') is a Shinto shrine located in Narita, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Its main festival is held annually on April 29. It was founded in 1882, and enshrines the kami of Kazan'in Morokata. It is one of ...
* Shibayama Jinja *
Tamasaki Shrine is a Shinto shrine in the Ichinomiya neighborhood of the town of Ichinomiya in Chōsei District, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Kazusa Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on September 13, and ...


Tokyo

*
Asakusa Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in the Asakusa district of Tokyo, Japan. Also known as , it is one of the most famous Shinto shrines in the city. The shrine honors the three men who founded the Sensō-ji. Asakusa Shrine is part of a larger groupin ...
* Atago Shrine *
Hanazono Shrine The is a Shinto shrine located in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. This shrine was founded in the mid-17th century. Hanazono Jinja nestled in the heart of Tokyo's Shinjuku ward, Hanazono Jinja is a small and unobtrusive structure that, according to Fodor's ...
*
Hie Shrine Hie may refer to: * Hie (pronoun), an Old English pronoun * Hie Shrine, a Shinto shrine in Tokyo, Japan * Hie Station, in Nishiwaki, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan * Health information exchange * Highlands and Islands Enterprise * Holiday Inn Expres ...
* Hikawa Shrine *
Kanda Shrine , is a Shinto shrine located in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. The shrine dates back 1,270 years, but the current structure was rebuilt several times due to fire and earthquakes. It is situated in one of the most expensive estate areas of Tokyo. Kanda ...
* Kume no Heinai-dō *
Meiji Shrine , is a Shinto shrine in Shibuya, Tokyo, that is dedicated to the deified spirits of Emperor Meiji and his wife, Empress Shōken. The shrine does not contain the emperor's grave, which is located at Fushimi-momoyama, south of Kyoto. History Af ...
* Namiyoke Inari Shrine *
Nezu Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in the Bunkyō ward of Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1705, it is one of the oldest places of worship in the city, and several of the buildings on the shrine grounds have been designated as Important Cultural Property. ...
*
Nogi Shrine was established on November 1, 1923English language pamphlet collected from Shrine on 2015-02-18 and dedicated to General Nogi Maresuke (63) and his wife Nogi Shizuko (53) after their death on September 13, 1912. The Tokyo Mayor, Baron Yoshio Sak ...
*
Oji Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in the Kita-ku ward of Tokyo, Japan. Established during the Kamakura period, most likely around 1321-1324, the shrine gives the name of "Oji" to this area of the city. Most of the original buildings in the shrine p ...
* Okunitama Shrine * Ōmiya Hachiman Shrine *
Shōin shrine , located in Setagaya, Tokyo, is the Shinto shrine that is dedicated to the deified spirit of Yoshida Shōin, an activist during the Edo era. History Shoin was executed by the Shogunate in prison in Tenmacho, Edo in 1859, his body was reburied in ...
* Suiten-gū *
Three Palace Sanctuaries The are a group of structures in the precincts of the Tokyo Imperial Palace in Japan. They are used in imperial religious ceremonies, including weddings and enthronements. The three sanctuaries are: * ''Kashiko-dokoro'' (賢所) – the centra ...
,
Kokyo The is the main residence of the Emperor of Japan. It is a large park-like area located in the Chiyoda district of the Chiyoda ward of Tokyo and contains several buildings including the where the Emperor has his living quarters, the where va ...
Imperial Palace *
Tokyo Daijingu Tokyo Daijingu is a shrine located in Tokyo. The shrine is also called ''O-Ise-sama in Tokyo'' because of the deities enshrined there. It is one of the top five shrines in Tokyo. History The shrine was built in the early Meiji period by Jin ...
* Tsukudo Shrine *
Togo Shrine Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (french: République togolaise), is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its ca ...
* Toyokawa Inari Shrine *
Yasukuni Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Chiyoda, Tokyo. It was founded by Emperor Meiji in June 1869 and commemorates those who died in service of Empire of Japan, Japan, from the Boshin War of 1868–1869, to the two Sino-Japanese Wars, First Sino-Japane ...
* Yushima Tenmangū


Kanagawa

*
Egara Tenjin Shrine , is a Shinto shrine in Kamakura. Having been founded according to legend by an unknown priest in 1104, it is one of the few extant religious institutions in the area to predate the advent of Minamoto no Yoritomo, who arrived here in 1181. Like a ...
*
Enoshima Shrine Enoshima Shrine (江島神社) is a Shinto shrine in Enoshima, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan. The shrine is dedicated to the worship of the ''kami'' Benten. Enoshima-jinja consists of three shrines, He-tsu-miya, Naka-tsu-miya and Oku-tsu-miya. Pe ...
* Ooyama Aburi Shrine *
Hakone Shrine The is a Japanese Shinto shrine on the shores of Lake Ashi in the town of Hakone in the Ashigarashimo District of Kanagawa Prefecture.Kotodamaya.com"Hakone Jinja" retrieved 2013-1-27. It is also known as the . Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2 ...
* Hōtoku Ninomiya Shrine * Samukawa Shrine * Tsurugaoka Hachiman Shrine


Shin'etsu and Hokuriku


Niigata

*
Amatsu-jinja is a Shinto shrine located in the Ichinomiya neighborhood of the city of Itoigawa, Niigata.Kotodamaya.com "Amatsu Jinja" retrieved 2012-10-24. It is one of the three shrines claiming the title of ''ichinomiya'' of former Echigo Province. The ma ...
* Kota-jinjaKotodamaya.com
"Kota Jinja"
retrieved 2012-10-24. *
Watatsu-jinja is a Shinto shrine in the Hamochiiioka neighborhood of the city of Sado, Niigata. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Sado Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on the April 23. Enshrined ''kami'' The primary ''kami'' ensh ...
"Nationwide List of ''Ichinomiya''," p. 2
; retrieved 2012-3-13. *
Yahiko-jinja , also known as Iyahiko-jinja is a Shinto shrine in the Yahiko neighborhood of the village of Yahiko, Nishikanbara District, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the three shrines which claim the title of ''ichinomiya'' of former Echigo Pro ...
Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO)
"Yahiko-jinja Shrine"
retrieved 2012-10-24.


Toyama

* Imizu Shrine * Oyama Shrine * Takase Shrine * Toyamaken Gokoku Shrine


Ishikawa

* Keta Taisha * Onominato Shrine * Oyama Shrine *
Shirayama Hime Shrine is a Shinto shrine in the Sannomiyamachi neighborhood of the city of Hakusan in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Kaga Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on May 6. It is the head shrine of ap ...


Fukui

*
Fujishima Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Fukui, Japan. In the former Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines, it was a special shrine (別格官幣社, ''Bekkaku Kanpei-sha''). Its main festival is held annually on August 25. was the head of ...
* Kanegasaki-gū *
Kehi Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in the Akebono-chō neighborhood of the city of Tsuruga, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Echizen Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on September 4. The shrine is con ...
*
Ōshio Hachiman Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Echizen, Fukui Prefecture, Japan. This Hachiman shrine was established in 891 as a branch of the Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu in Kyoto as the primary shrine of Nanjō District. During the Genpei War, the sh ...
* Wakasahiko Shrine


Tōkai


Yamanashi

* Asama Shrine *
Takeda Shrine Main gate to Takeda Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Kōfu, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, dedicated to the ''kami'' of Takeda Shingen. The shrine's annual celebration is on April 12, Shingen's death anniversary. History Followi ...


Nagano

* Suwa Shrine *
Togakushi Shrine The is a Shinto shrine in Togakushi, Nagano (city), Nagano Prefecture, Japan. The shrine is at the base of Mount Togakushi () in Myōkō-Togakushi Renzan National Park. Togakushi Shrine consists of five shrines, known as the lower, middle, ...


Gifu

*
Inaba Shrine is a Shinto shrine located at the base of Mount Kinka in Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Originally, its name was written 稲葉神社, which is pronounced the same way. It is the main shrine that is celebrated by the city of Gifu in its annual Gi ...
*
Keta Wakamiya Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Hida, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It is commonly referred to as "Sugimoto-sama" (杉本さま). History The original construction of this shrine is unknown, but it is said to have been constructed during the ...
*
Minashi Shrine Minashi Shrine '' haiden'' , commonly: is a Shinto shrine located in the Ichinomiya neighborhood of the city of Takayama, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of the former Hida Province. The main festival of the shrine is held an ...
*
Nangū Taisha is a Shinto shrine located in the town of Tarui in Fuwa District, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Mino Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on May 25. The shrine precincts contain 18 structures ...
* Yōrō Shrine


Shizuoka

*
Fujisan Hongū Sengen Taisha The is a Shintō shrine in the city of Fujinomiya in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Suruga Province, and is the head shrine of the approximately 1300 Asama or Sengen shrines in the country. The shrine has an ...
* Iinoya-gū * Mishima Taisha *
Shizuoka Sengen Shrine is the name for a collective group of three Shinto shrines now forming a single religious corporation, located at Mount Shizuhata in Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. These shrines are the Kanbe Jinja (神部神社), Sengen Jinja ( ...


Aichi

*
Aichi Prefecture Gokoku Shrine The Aichi Prefecture Gokoku Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in the Sannomaru compound, next to Nagoya Castle, in central Nagoya is the largest city in the Chūbu region, the fourth-most populous city and third most populous urban area ...
*
Atsuta Shrine is a Shinto shrine traditionally believed to have been established during the reign of Emperor Keikō (71-130) located in Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture in Japan. The shrine is familiarly known as ''Atsuta-Sama'' (Venerable Atsuta) or simpl ...
*
Masumida Shrine is a Shinto shrine in the Masumida neighborhood of the city of Ichinomiya in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Owari Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on April 3. Enshrined ''kami'' The ''kam ...
* Ogake Shrine * Rokusho Shrine (Okazaki) * Rokusho Shrine (Toyota) *
Tsushima Shrine is a Shinto shrine in Tsushima, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It is the head shrine of a nationwide shrine network of shrines dedicated to the , Centered primarily in the Tōkai region, this network has approximately 3,000 shrines and is the tenth- ...
* Tagata Shrine


Kinki


Mie

*
Ise Shrine The , located in Ise, Mie Prefecture of Japan, is a Shinto shrine dedicated to the sun goddess Amaterasu. Officially known simply as , Ise Jingū is a shrine complex composed of many Shinto shrines centered on two main shrines, and . The Inner ...
*
Kitabatake Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in the Misugi neighborhood of the city of Tsu, Mie Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the Fifteen Shrines of the Kenmu Restoration. The main ''kami'' enshrined is the deified spirit of the imperial loyalist Kitabatake ...
* Tado Shrine * Tsubaki Ōkami Yashiro * Yūki Shrine


Shiga

*
Hiyoshi Taisha is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture Japan. This shrine is one of the Twenty-Two Shrines. Known before World War II as or Hie jinja, "Hiyoshi" is now the preferred spelling. It was also known as the . The head shri ...
* Omi Jingu * Taga Taisha *
Takebe Taisha is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Ōtsu, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Ōmi Province. The main ''kami'' enshrined are Ōkuninushi and Yamato Takeru. The shrine's main festival is held annually on April ...
*
Tsukubusuma Shrine Tsukubusuma Shrine (都久夫須麻神社, ''Tsukubusuma Jinja'') is a Shinto shrine on Chikubu Island in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Its is a National Treasure of Japan. The shrine's main festival is held annually on June 15. It is also called Chi ...


Kyoto

* Atago Shrine *
Fushimi Inari-taisha is the head shrine of the ''kami'' Inari, located in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. The shrine sits at the base of a mountain also named Inari which is above sea level, and includes trails up the mountain to many smaller shrines ...
* Heian Jingu *
Hirano Shrine The is a Shinto shrine in Kyoto. This shrine is known and popular for its gardens and many trees. History The shrine was established in the year 794 by Emperor Kammu when the capital was transferred to Heian-kyō from Nagaoka-kyō. From the ear ...
*
Imamiya Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Kita-ku, Kyoto, Japan. It was originally established for patrons to pray for safety from an epidemic, though it has evolved into a shrine where patrons can pray for general good health. The shrine complex is embedded ...
* Iwashimizu Hachimangu * Kamo Shrine ** Kamo Wakeikazuchi Shrine (
Kamigamo Shrine is an important Shinto sanctuary on the banks of the Kamo River in north Kyoto, first founded in 678. Its formal name is the . It is one of the oldest Shinto shrines in Japan and is one of the seventeen Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto which ...
) ** Kamo Mioya Shrine (
Shimogamo Shrine is an important Shinto sanctuary in the Shimogamo district of Kyoto city's Sakyō ward. Its formal name is . It is one of the oldest Shinto shrines in Japan and is one of the seventeen Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto which have been designat ...
) *
Kibune Shrine is a Shinto shrine located at Sakyō-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture Japan. History The shrine became the object of Imperial patronage during the early Heian period. In 965, Emperor Murakami ordered that Imperial messengers were sent to report imp ...
* Kitano Tenmangu *
Kono Shrine is a Shinto shrine in the Ōgaki neighborhood of the city of Miyazu in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Tango Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on April 24.The shrine is also called the , and ...
*
Kyoto Ryozen Gokoku Shrine The is a Shinto Shrine located in Kyoto, Japan. It honors the heroes of Japan, especially from the period of the Bakumatsu period and the Meiji Restoration, most famously Sakamoto Ryōma and his associate Nakaoka Shintarō, who are buried sid ...
* Matsunoo Taisha * Nishiki Tenmangū *
Saginomori Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Kyōto, Kyōto Prefecture, Japan. It is dedicated to the divinity Susanoo / under the name . It is such a shrine of the Gion faith See also *List of Shinto shrines in Japan References External linksSaginomo ...
* Tsukiyomi Shrine *
Yasaka Shrine Kanpei-taisha , once called , is a Shinto shrine in the Gion District of Kyoto, Japan. Situated at the east end of Shijō-dōri (Fourth Avenue), the shrine includes several buildings, including gates, a main hall and a stage. The Yasaka shrine is ...
*
Yoshida Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Sakyō-ku in Kyoto, Japan. It was founded in 859 by the Fujiwara clan. History The shrine became the object of Imperial patronage during the early Heian period. In 965, Emperor Murakami ordered that Imperial ...


Osaka

*
Abeno Shrine Abeno Shrine (阿部野神社, ''Abeno jinja'') is a Shinto shrine located in Abeno-ku, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Its main festival is held annually on January 24. It was founded in 1882, and enshrines the kami of Kitabatake Chikafusa and Kitabata ...
*
Hattori Tenjin Shrine is a Japanese surname. Notable people * , mathematician *, Japanese footballer * , Japanese samurai * , Japanese classical composer * , manga artist * , Japanese classical violinist * , Japanese racing driver and journalist * , Japanese bask ...
*
Hiraoka Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Higashiōsaka, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''Ichinomiya'' of former Kawachi Province. The shrine's main festival is held annually on 1 February. Enshrined ''kami'' The ''kami'' enshrined at Hir ...
* Ikasuri Shrine *
Ikukunitama Shrine Ikukunitama Shrine (生國魂神社, ''Ikukunitama jinja'') is a Shinto shrine located in Tennōji-ku, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Its main festival is held annually on September 9. It was formerly an imperial shrine of the first rank (官幣大社, ...
*
Imamiya Ebisu Shrine Imamiya Ebisu Shrine (今宮戎神社, ''Imamiya Ebisu jinja'') is a Shinto shrine located in Naniwa-ku, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. According to legend, it was established in 600 during the reign of Empress Suiko. Its annual festival is held from J ...
* Mitami Shrine *
Ōsaka Tenmangū Shrine is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of ...
* Sakurai Shrine (Sakai) * Shijōnawate Shrine *
Sumiyoshi Taisha , also known as Sumiyoshi Grand Shrine, is a Shinto shrine in Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It is the main shrine of all the Sumiyoshi shrines in Japan. However, the oldest shrine that enshrines the Sumiyoshi sanjin, the thr ...
*
Tsuboi Hachimangū Tsuboi Hachimangū (壺井八幡宮, ''Tsuboi Hachimangū'') is a Shinto shrine located in Habikino, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It is a Hachiman shrine, dedicated to the kami Hachiman. It was established in 1064. Its main festival is held annua ...
* Tsunashiki Tenjin Shrine


Hyōgo

* Hirota Shrine *
Ikuta Shrine is a Shinto shrine in the Chūō Ward of Kobe, Japan, and is possibly among the oldest shrines in the country. History According to '' Nihon Shoki'', it was founded by the Empress Jingū at the beginning of the 3rd century AD to enshrine the '' ...
*
Izushi jinja is a Shinto shrine in the Izushi neighborhood of the city of Toyooka in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Tajima Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on October 20. Enshrined ''kami'' The ''ka ...
*
Koshikiiwa Shrine is a Shinto shrine in Nishinomiya, Hyōgo, Japan. The other name of this shrine is Ebisu Daijingū. The focus of this shrine is a megalith called 'Koshiki-iwa', literally, 'Rice Steamer Rock', because ancient Japanese thought the shape resembled ...
*
Mefu Jinja Mefu Jinja (売布神社, ''Mefu-jinja'') is a Shinto shrine in Takarazuka, Hyōgo, Takarazuka, Hyōgo Prefecture, Hyōgo, Japan established in 610. History It is one of the shrines mentioned in the ''Engishiki'', which was written in 8th centur ...
*
Minatogawa Shrine is a Shinto shrine in Chūō-ku, Kobe, Japan, roughly on the site of the Battle of Minatogawa established in 1872. The enshrined kami is the spirit of Masashige Kusunoki, a military commander. It is one of the Fifteen Shrines of the Kenmu Resto ...
* Nagata Shrine *
Nishinomiya Shrine is a Shinto shrine in Nishinomiya, Hyōgo, Japan. It is the head shrine of the Ebisu sect of Shinto, and it is said that there are about 3,500 shrines under it. Locals call the shrine "Ebessan". History It is not clear when this shrine was es ...
* Sumiyoshi Shrine


Nara

* Himuro Shrine *
Ikoma Jinja is a Shinto shrine in Ikoma, Nara, Japan. Generally called . The formal name of the shrine is "". This shrine is also known as "Ikoma-Taisha", which means "great shrine of Ikoma". History According to the ''Sokoku-Fudoki'', an ancient record of ...
* Isonokami Jingu * Kashihara Jingu *
Kasuga Taisha is a Shinto shrine in Nara, Nara Prefecture, Japan. It is the shrine of the Fujiwara family, established in 768 CE and rebuilt several times over the centuries. The interior is famous for its many bronze lanterns, as well as the many stone lan ...
*
Mishima Jinja Mishima may refer to: Places * Mishima, Fukushima, a town in Fukushima Prefecture * Mishima, Kagoshima, a village in Kagoshima Prefecture * Mishima, Niigata, a town in Niigata Prefecture * Mishima, Shizuoka, a city in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan * ...
* Oomiwa Shrine * Tamukeyama Hachiman Shrine *
Yoshino Mikumari Shrine is a Shinto shrine located on Mount Yoshino in Yoshino district, Nara, Japan.Richard, Ponsonby-Fane. (1964) '' Visiting Famous Shrines in Japan,'' pp. 300-307. It is closely associated with Emperor Go-Daigo. The Shrine is dedicated to ', a fe ...


Wakayama

*
Hinokuma Shrine Hinokuma Shrine (日前神宮, ''Hinokuma jingu'') and Kunikakasu Shrine (國懸神宮, ''Kunikakasu jingu'') is a Shinto shrine complex in Wakayama, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. It is officially known simply as . Its main festival is held annually ...
* Kamayama Shrine * Kumano Three Shrines (Kumano Sanzan) **
Kumano Hayatama Taisha is a Shinto shrine located in Shingu, Wakayama Prefecture, on the shores of the Kumanogawa in the Kii Peninsula of Japan. It is included as part of the Kumano Sanzan in the UNESCO World Heritage site "Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the ...
**
Kumano Hongū Taisha is a Shinto shrine located in Tanabe, Wakayama, deep in the rugged mountains of the Kii Peninsula of Japan. It is included as part of the Kumano Sanzan in the World Heritage Site "
**_Kumano_Nachi_Taisha.html" ;"title="acred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range" ...
** Kumano Nachi Taisha">acred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range" ...
** Kumano Nachi Taisha


Chūgoku


Tottori

* Shitori Shrine * Ube shrine


Shimane

* Hinomisaki Shrine * Kannbashira Shrine * Miho Jinja * Yaegaki Shrine * Izumo Taisha * Kumano Taisha * Susa Shrine


Okayama

*
Kibitsu Shrine is a Shinto shrine in the Kibitsu neighborhood of Kita-ku, Okayama in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Bitchū Province. The main festivals of the shrine is held annually on the second Sunday of May and on October 1 ...
* Kibitsuhiko Shrine *
Nakayama Shrine is a Shinto shrine in the Ichinomiya neighborhood of the city of Tsuyama in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. It is the ''ichinomiya'' of former Mimasaka Province. The main festival of the shrine is held annually on April 29. Although the ''kanji'' of t ...
* Saijo Inari *
Shiro Shrine Shiro, Shirō, Shirow or Shirou may refer to: People * Amakusa Shirō (1621–1638), leader of the Shimabara Rebellion * Ken Shiro (born 1992), Japanese boxer * Shiro Azumi, Japanese football player 1923–1925 * Shiro Ichinoseki (born 1944), ...
* Tsurusaki Shrine *
Yuga Shrine A ''yuga'', in Hinduism, is generally used to indicate an age of time. In the ''Rigveda'', a ''yuga'' refers to generations, a long period, a very brief period, or a yoke (joining of two things). In the ''Mahabharata'', the words ''yuga'' and ...


Hiroshima

* Fukuyama Hachimangū *
Hiroshima Gokoku Shrine is a Japanese Shinto Shrine in Hiroshima, Japan. Overview The original shrine was founded in 1869, the first year of the Meiji period, in Hiroshima. The shrine was established to mourn the Hiroshima- Han victims of the Boshin War. In 1934, it ...
*
Itsukushima Shrine is a Shinto jinja (shrine), shrine on the island of Itsukushima (popularly known as Miyajima, Hiroshima, Miyajima), best known for its "floating" ''torii'' gate.Louis-Frédéric, Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric (2005)"''Itsukushima-jinja''"in ''Japa ...
* Sakakiyama Shrine


Yamaguchi

*
Akama Shrine is a Shinto shrine in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It is dedicated to Antoku, a Japanese emperor who died as a child in the Battle of Dan-no-ura (aka Dannoura), which occurred nearby in 1185. This battle was important in the hi ...
*
Hikoshima Hachimangu (also called in Nihon Shoki) is an island on the south-west tip of Honshu, Japan. Geography The island is irregularly shaped and hilly. The strait, as narrow as , separates the island form the main island of Honshu. The parts of sprawling city ...
*
Kameyama Hachimangū Kameyama Hachimangū (亀山八幡宮, ''Kameyama Hachimangū'') is a Shinto shrine located in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It is a Hachiman shrine, dedicated to the kami Hachiman. The kami enshrined there include Emperor Ōjin, E ...


Shikoku


Tokushima

*
Ōasahiko Shrine is a Shinto Shinto shrine, shrine located at the base of Mt. Ōasa in Naruto, Tokushima, Naruto, Tokushima Prefecture, Tokushima, Japan. The ''kami'' enshrined there are Ōasahiko-no-Okami and Sarutahiko, Sarutahiko-no-Okami. Enshrined ''kami'' ...


Kagawa

* Kotohira Gu *
Kagawa Gokoku Shrine may refer to: * , the smallest prefecture of Japan by area, located on the island of Shikoku * , a district in Kagawa Prefecture * , a town located in Kagawa District * , train station in Chigasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture * Kagawa (surname) Kagawa (w ...


Ehime

* Isaniwa Jinja * Isono Shrine * Izumtaisha Matsuyama Shrine * Mishima Shrine * Taga Shrine * Takashihime Shrine * Yu Shrine * Ōyamazumi Shrine


Kōchi

*
Kochi Daijingu Kochi (), also known as Cochin ( ) (List of renamed Indian cities and states#Kerala, the official name until 1996) is a major port city on the Malabar Coast of India bordering the Laccadive Sea, which is a part of the Arabian Sea. It is part ...
* Shimosaki Shrine


Kyūshū and Okinawa


Fukuoka

*
Dazaifu Tenman-gū Dazaifu may refer to: * Dazaifu, Fukuoka is a city located in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, part of the greater Fukuoka metropolitan area.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Dazaifu" in . Nearby cities include Ōnojō and Chikushino. Although mos ...
* Furogu * Hakozakigu * Hikosan Shrine * Imaizu Susa Shrine * Itouzu Hachiman Shrine * Kamado Shrine * Kashii Shrine * Kurume Suitengu * Kushida Shrine *
Mekari Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Moji-ku, Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka, Japan. History The wife of Emperor Chūai, Empress Jingū, came here sometime during the legendary military invasion of Korea in the 3rd century. She had Mekari Shrine built as a wa ...
*
Miyajidake Shrine is a Shinto Shinto shrine, shrine located in Fukutsu, Fukuoka, Fukutsu, Fukuoka prefecture, Fukuoka, Japan. It is dedicated to Empress Jingū See also *List of Shinto shrines Beppyo shrines External links Official Website
Shinto shrine ...
*
Munakata Taisha is a collection of three Shinto shrines located in Munakata, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is the head of the approximately 6,000 Munakata shrines all over the country. Although the name Munakata Taisha refers to all three shrines—Hetsu-gū, ...
** Hetsu-gū ** Nakatsu-gū ** Okitsu-gū * Myokengu * Sugawara Shrine * Takami Shrine * Takasu Shrine * Tanabata Shrine * Tonoe Shrine *
Umi Hachimangu Umi or UMI may refer to: Geography * Umi, Iran, a village in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran * Umi, Fukuoka, a town in Japan People * Umi-a-Liloa, king of the island of Hawaii *Umi Dachlan, Indonesian female artist * Umi Garrett, American female pi ...


Saga

*
Araho Shrine Araho Shrine (荒穂神社, ''Araho Jinja'') is a Shinto shrine located in Kiyama, Saga Prefecture, Japan. History The temple is said to have been built in the 7th century CE, during the reign of Emperor Kōtoku. The shrine stands on the sout ...
*
Chiriku Hachiman Shrine Chiriku Hachiman Shrine (千栗八幡宮, ''Chiriku Hachimangu'') is a Shinto shrine located in Miyaki, Saga Prefecture, Japan. It is a Hachiman shrine, dedicated to the kami Hachiman. It was established in 724. Its main festival is held annuall ...
* Hoto Shrine *
Ise Jinja Ise may refer to: Places *Ise, Mie, a city in Japan **Ise Grand Shrine, a Shinto shrine located in Ise, Mie *Ise Ekiti, a city in Nigeria *Ise, Norway, a village in Norway * Ise Province, an ancient province of Japan * River Ise, a tributary of the ...
* Kushidagu *
Saga Shrine is a series of science fantasy role-playing video games by Square Enix. The series originated on the Game Boy in 1989 as the creation of Akitoshi Kawazu at Square. It has since continued across multiple platforms, from the Super NES to the ...
*
Tōzan Shrine The is located in Arita Town, Nishimatsuura District, Saga Prefecture. Sueyama Shrine has a porcelain archway and other items of porcelain which, at other shrines, are usually made of stone. This shrine was and still is particularly revered b ...
*
Yūtoku Inari Shrine is a shrine located in Kashima City, Saga Prefecture. It is one of the most famous Inari shrines in Japan. History Dedicated to Inari, the ''kami'' whose messengers are foxes, it is the third largest of its kind in Japan. It was constructe ...


Nagasaki

* Sanno Shrine * Suwa Shrine


Kumamoto

*
Aoi Aso Shrine is a Shinto shrine in Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto, Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It is colloquially known as . It was originally established as a Prefectures of Japan, prefectural shrine, but is currently designated as a . Five of the structur ...
*
Aso Shrine is a Shinto Shrine in Aso, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1962). ''Studies in Shinto and Shrines,'' p. 477; Kotodamaya.com"Aso Jinja" retrieved 2012-10-29. Aso is one of the oldest shrines in Japan. This shrine holds sever ...
* Fujisaki Hachimangu * Kato Shrine *
Kengun Shrine Kengun Shrine (健軍神社) is the oldest traditional shrine in Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. It is one of the 4 shrines of Aso Shrine group (Aso Shrine, Kohsa Shrine and Kohnoura Shrine). History Legend *According to a legend, Emp ...
*
Kikuchi Shrine is a Shinto shrine in Kikuchi, Kumamoto Prefecture, in which Kikuchi Taketoki (菊池武時, 1292 – April 27, 1333), Kikuchi Takeshige (菊池武重, 1307?-1338?) and Kikuchi Takemitsu (菊池武光,  – 1373) are enshrined. It is o ...
* Heitate Shrine * Hikino Shrine *
Takahashi Inari Shrine Takahashi Inari Shrine (高橋稲荷神社, ''Takahashi inari jinja'') is a Shinto Inari shrine, dedicated to the worship of the kami Inari. It is located in Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of K ...
* Yatsushiro-gū


Ōita

* Komo Shrine * Usa Jingu


Miyazaki

* Amanoiwato Shrine *
Aoshima Shrine is a Shinto shrine located on Aoshima Island, Miyazaki prefecture, Japan. It is dedicated to Hikohohodemi, Toyotama-hime or Luxuriant-Jewel-Princess is a goddess in Japanese mythology in the episode of the "Luck of the Sea and the Luck of th ...
* Miyazaki Jingū * Mikado Shrine * Mukabaki Shrine * Takachiho Shrine * Tsuno Shrine * Udo Jingū


Kagoshima

* Hirakiki Shrine *
Kagoshima Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Kirishima, Kagoshima prefecture, Japan. One of the 2,861 shrines listed in the Engishiki, it is the first shrine in the historic Osumi Province. It is dedicated to Hoori, Toyotama-hime, Emperor Chūai, Emperor ...
* Terukuni Shrine * Kirishima Shrine * Minakata Shrine


Okinawa

*
Naminoue Shrine is a Shinto shrine in Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, the ''ichinomiya'' (primary shrine) of the prefecture. It sits atop a high bluff, overlooking Naminoue Beach and the ocean. Originally a sacred space of the native Ryukyuan religion, du ...


See also

*
List of Jingū is a name for a Shinto shrine connected to the Imperial House of Japan. List of ''Jingū'' The following list encompasses only some, but not all of the Heian period ''Nijūnisha'' shrines ( Twenty-Two Shrines); and the modern shrines which were ...
*
List of Shinto shrines in Taiwan On June 17, 1895 ( Meiji 28), Taiwan came under the rule of the Empire of Japan. In the following year on December 3, 1896, the first Shinto shrine was created in Taiwan. This was actually an already existing located in Tainan but renamed . ...
*
List of Shinto shrines in the United States United States United States territories References {{reflist See also *Shinto * Shinto shrine * List of Shinto shrines *Buddhist Churches of America * Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii *Hawaii Shingon Mission * Gedatsu Church of America ...
* Nan'yō Shrine (
Palau Palau,, officially the Republic of Palau and historically ''Belau'', ''Palaos'' or ''Pelew'', is an island country and microstate in the western Pacific. The nation has approximately 340 islands and connects the western chain of the Caro ...
) *
Chokusaisha ''Chokusaisha'' () is a shrine where an imperial envoy ''Chokushi'' () performs rituals: ''chokushi sankō no jinja'' (). The following table shows sixteen shrines designated as Chokusaisha. Notes External links * {{DEFAULTSORT:Chok ...
*


Citations


General references

* Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1962)
''Studies in Shinto and Shrines''
Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. . * Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon (1963)
''Vicissitudes of Shinto''
Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. {{Oclc, 36655.
Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
Shinto shrines A is a structure whose main purpose is to house ("enshrine") one or more ''kami'', the deities of the Shinto religion. Overview Structurally, a Shinto shrine typically comprises several buildings. The '' honden''Also called (本殿, meani ...